Описание геральдического знака – эмблемы Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации1
1802, September 20 (8th according to the Julian calendar) The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was formed. First Minister – Count Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov, State Chancellor.
МИНИСТЕ́РСТВО ИНОСТРА́ННЫХ ДЕЛ (МИД), центральное государственное учреждение в России и СССР, в РФ федеральный орган исполнительной власти, ведающий вопросами внешней политики, отношениями с иностранными государствами и международными организациями.
Министерство иностранных дел возглавляет министр иностранных дел, назначаемый на должность Президентом по представлению Председателя Правительства. Министр несет личную ответственность за выполнение возложенных на МИД полномочий и реализацию государственной политики в установленной сфере деятельности. Министр имеет заместителей, также назначаемых на должность Президентом. Генеральный директор Министерства иностранных дел назначается на должность Президентом.
Органы МИДа за рубежом – дипломатические представительства, консульские учреждения и представительства при международных организациях.
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The Art of Persuasion: How Russian Diplomacy was created2
On February 10, the Day of the Diplomatic Worker of the Russian Federation is celebrated. The first professional foreign policy department of Russia was the Embassy Order, established 469 years ago. However, the domestic diplomatic service originated much earlier. The first Russian embassy appeared in Constantinople in 838. The role and importance of the diplomatic service increased along with the growth of the country's influence on the world stage.
Researchers continue to argue about which event became the starting point of the history of Russian diplomacy. Officially, the date of the formation of the Embassy Order – February 10, 1549 – is taken as the basis for the establishment of the Day of the Diplomatic Worker.
However, diplomacy as a foreign policy tool originated with the emergence of the early feudal Russian state with centers in Kiev and Veliky Novgorod. The first representative body of the interests of Russia was the embassy in Constantinople, which was opened in 838.
In 839, the Russian embassy was established in the Frankish Kingdom. One of the first international legal acts of Ancient Russia was the treaty "On Peace and Love" with the Byzantine Empire, according to which Constantinople was obliged to pay tribute to Kiev.
In the IX—XI centuries, the East Slavic tribes were constantly at war with their neighbors – Byzantium and nomadic southern peoples (Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsy). The baptism of Russia in 988 was of great importance for the development of statehood (and, as a consequence, diplomacy). According to legend, Prince Vladimir made a choice in favor of Christianity after a conversation with foreign ambassadors.
In the XI century, Russia turned into an influential player in the European arena. The practice of dynastic marriages contributed to the expansion of contacts with the Western world. In 1019, Prince Yaroslav the Wise of Kiev married the daughter of the King of Sweden Ingigerde.
Almost all the children of the Kiev prince became related to European aristocratic houses. Yaroslav's daughter Anna was given in marriage to the French king Henry I, Elizabeth – to the Norwegian King Harald the Harsh, Anastasia – to the King of Hungary Andras I.
Yaroslav's sons, at the insistence of their father, also found wives abroad. Iziaslav married the daughter of the Polish king Gertrude, Svyatoslav – the Austrian Princess Ode, Vsevolod – the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX.
The fundamental condition for the existence of diplomacy is a unified and independent State. The fragmented and dependent territories have no common tasks, there is no sovereign foreign policy, which means there is no need for intensive external contacts and defending interests from the outside. Therefore, with the collapse of united Russia, diplomacy could also disappear.